Why extreme political parties are winning elections?

The far right presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro is winning the Brazilian presidential election at the moment. This is not the only story of an extreme party winning major elections that in Italy the election was won by a populist party and in the US, the Republican Party led by Trump could be seen as a political odd. Here comes a question why extreme political parties are winning election all over the world.

Some people may argue that while the population is not well educated, they tend to vote for extreme parties who are more likely to have exciting propaganda and rallies. However, we can see that extreme parties are not only winning in the developing countries which might have less educated populations, but are also winning in the developed world, like Italy and the US. Therefore, the education level should not be the determinant of why extreme parties are winning elections. I think that the main cause is because of the different groups of candidates’ different preferences and urgents of expressing their political views.

In an election, when we feel we are more likely to belong to the majority group, then we do not care about if we go to vote, because our votes are much less significant and any single vote will not affect the overall election result. However, when we belong to a minor group, we will feel more desperate to vote in order to express their political views. Moreover, the minor groups are more likely to be affected by the changes of the change in the environment (under the current complicated global environment) more significantly. Then they have more incentives to express their views, while the majority groups are less significantly affected, so have fewer incentives to express their views. The different preferences determine the different turnout ratios of different social groups, which leads to surprising election results.